In an ecosystem, organisms that break down dead material and recycle nutrients are called what?

• A. Producer
• B. Consumer
• C. Decomposer
• D. Autotroph

Answer: (C)

Decomposers are the organisms that break down dead material and recycle nutrients within an ecosystem. They carry out decomposition, turning complex organic matter into simpler compounds that plants can absorb, which keeps the nutrient cycle moving and supports ongoing growth. Fungi and bacteria are typical examples. In contrast, producers (autotrophs) synthesize their own food from light or chemicals, not by breaking down dead matter, and consumers obtain energy by eating other organisms rather than recycling nutrients. So the term that describes those breaking down dead material and returning nutrients to the environment is decomposer.